Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
MetroHealth Medical Center

Name: Allan Garland, MD, M.A., F.C.C.P.

Address: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

MetroHealth Medical Center

2500 MetroHealth Drive

Cleveland, Ohio 44109

email: agarland@metrohealth.org

Education

1977 B.S. University of Michigan (Physics, with High Honors)

1978 M.A. Harvard University (Physics)

1986 MD University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine

Postdoctoral Training:

Internship and Residency :

1986 - 1987 Intern in Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

1987 - 1989 Resident in Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics

Fellowship :

1989 - 1993 Fellow in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics

Medical Certification and Recertification:

1989 - Diplomate in Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, Registration No. 124455

1992 - 2002 Diplomate in Pulmonary Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, Registration No. 1244552

2002 - Recertification in Pulmonary Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, Registration No. 1244552

1993 - Diplomate in Critical Care Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, Registration No. 124455

Medical Licensure:

1987 - 1996 Illinois License, Physician and Surgeon, Registration No. 036-076133

1993 - 2001 New Jersey License, Physician, Registration No. MA-62350

2001 - Ohio License, Physician, Registration No. 35-07-9936-G

Academic Appointments:

1993 - 2001 Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey

2000 - Clinical Associate Professor, Rutgers University College of Nursing, Newark, New Jersey

2001 Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey

2002 - Associate Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

2003 - Senior Scholar, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine - MetroHealth System Center for Health Care Research & Policy

Hospital Appointments:

1993 - 2001 Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey

1994 - 1997 Director, Respiratory Care Unit, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey

1996 - 1998 Director, Respiratory Services Department, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey

1999 - 2001 Director, South Building Medical Unit, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey

2002 - Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Peer Review Activities:

Invited Reviewer, American Review of Respiratory Disease

Invited Reviewer, British Journal of Pharmacology

Invited Reviewer, Chest

Invited Reviewer, Critical Care Medicine

Invited Reviewer, European Respiratory Journal

Invited Reviewer, Experimental Lung Research

Invited Reviewer, Life Sciences

Invited Reviewer, Lung

Invited Reviewer, Medical Decision Making

Invited Reviewer, Pulmonary Pharmacology

Editorial Positions/Boards:

1998 - Chest , Member of the Editorial Board and Critical Care Reviews Department Editor

Awards and Honors:

1977 Phi Beta Kappa, National Honorary Society

1977 University of Michigan Extraordinary Merit Award

1977 - 1978 Harvard University Graduate Fellowship

1978 - 1979 Smithsonian Institution Predoctoral Fellowship

1989 - 1991 American Lung Association Research Fellowship

1994 Outstanding Teaching Attending Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

1995 Outstanding Teaching Attending Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

1996 Outstanding Teaching Attending Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

1997 Outstanding Teaching Attending Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

1998 Outstanding Teaching Attending Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

1998 Included in Best Doctors in America , 1998, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Best Doctors, Inc., Aiken, SC

1998 Included in The Best Doctors in New Jersey, New Jersey Monthly , November 1998

•  Excellence in Teaching Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

2001 Excellence in Teaching Award, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine

2002 Included in Best Doctors in America , 2001-2002, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Best Doctors, Inc., Aiken, SC

2002 Included in The Best Doctors in Cleveland, Cleveland Magazine , August 2002

2002 Alfred Sofer Award for Editorial Excellence, American College of Chest Physicians

Memberships in Professional Societies:

1987 - 1990 Associate, American College of Physicians

1989 - 1993 Associate, American Thoracic Society

1990 - 1996 Member, American College of Physicians

1994 - Member, American Thoracic Society

1994 - 2001 Member, New Jersey Thoracic Society

1998 - 2001 Member, Cancer Institute of New Jersey

2003 - Fellow, American College of Chest Physicians

Teaching Experience:

1979 - 1982 Teaching Assistant in The History of Science, Harvard University

1988 - 1992 Instructor in Physical Diagnosis, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine

Professional Activities:

National and International:

· Poster Session Facilitator, Session on Ethics, Outcomes and Mechanical Ventilation, 1997 American Lung Association/American Thoracic Society International Conference, San Francisco, CA, May 1997.

· Poster Session Facilitator, Session on Clinical Trials, 1998 American Lung Association/American Thoracic Society International Conference, Chicago, IL, April 1998.

· Symposium, Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, NY, "Useless and Dangerous Practices in the Intensive Care Unit", 9/28/98.

· Symposium, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconson Medical School, Madison, WI, "The Relationship Between ICU Structure and ICU Performance", 10/5/2000.

· Cardiology Grand Rounds, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, "Useless and Dangerous Practices in the Intensive Care Unit", 10/10/2000.

· Pulmonary & Critical Care Grand Rounds, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, "The Relationship Between ICU Structure and ICU Performance", 12/8/2000.

· Symposium, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, "The Relationship Between ICU Structure and ICU Performance", 12/12/2000.

· Critical Care Grand Rounds, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, "End-of-life Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit", 2/3/2003.

· Respirology Division Rounds, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, "Advanced Cardiovascular Physiology", 3/26/2003.

· Critical Care Grand Rounds, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, "Improving ICU Outcomes by Improving ICU Structure", 6/13/2003.

Local and Regional:

· Medical Grand Rounds, Burdett Tomlin Hospital, Cape May, NJ, "Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit", 4/27/94.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, "Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Consumption in Critical Illness", 12/14/94.

· Surgical Grand Rounds, CentraState Hospital, Freehold, NJ, "The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome", 1/13/95.

· Staff Training Seminar, Hoffman-LaRoche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ, "Intravenous Sedation", 1/4/96.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, "Refining and Redefining the Goals of Therapy", 3/6/96.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ, "Beyond DNR: Defining the Goals of Therapy", 9/12/96.

· New Jersey Thoracic Society/New Jersey Chapter American College of Chest Physicians Twenty-Fifth Annual Joint Conference, New Brunswick, NJ, "Useless and Dangerous Practices in the Intensive Care Unit", 3/7/97.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Northwest Covenant Medical Center, Denville, NJ, "Beyond DNR: Defining the Goals of Therapy", 4/1/97.

· Susquehanna Health System 11th Annual Critical Care Symposium, Williamsport, PA, "Useless and Dangerous Practices in the Intensive Care Unit", 5/2/97

· Susquehanna Health System 11th Annual Critical Care Symposium, Williamsport, PA, "Beyond DNR: Defining the Goals of Therapy", 5/2/97

· Medical Grand Rounds, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ., "Useless and Dangerous Therapies in the Intensive Care Unit", 6/11/97.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Princeton Medical Center, Princeton, NJ, "Beyond DNR: Defining the Goals of Therapy", 6/17/97.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Harrisburg Hospital, Harrisburg PA, "Beyond DNR: Defining the Goals of Therapy", 2/17/98.

· Symposium, Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, NY, "Useless and Dangerous Practices in the Intensive Care Unit", 9/28/98.

· Staff Training Seminar, Ortho-Biotech, Hamilton, NJ, "Introduction to the ICU Environment", 8/9/99.

· Staff Training Seminar, Ortho-Biotech, Hamilton, NJ, "Important Disease States Treated in the ICU", 8/9/99.

· Staff Training Seminar, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, "Infectious Disease in the Intensive Care Unit", 10/2/99.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA, " Quality in Medical Care: The Relationship Between Structure and Outcomes. The ICU as Example . ", 3/30/00.

· Symposium, Respiratory Care 2000 , Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, N.J., "Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation: A Physiologic Approach", 9/14/00.

· Medical Grand Rounds, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, "Update in Critical Care Medicine", 9/27/00.

· Respiratory Care 2000 Symposium, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, "Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation", 9/14/00.

· Medical Grand Rounds, St. Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, "Update in Critical Care Medicine", 2/13/01.

· Department of Medicine Grand Rounds, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, "Useless and Dangerous Practices in the Intensive Care Unit", 10/18/01.

· Cleveland Citywide Chest Conference, "The Physics of Heliox and its use in Asthma", 9/4/02.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Original Papers:

1. Garland A, Ray DW, Doerschuk CM, Jackson M, Eappen S, Alger L, and Solway J. The role of tachykinins in hyperpnea-induced bronchovascular hyperpermeability in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 70(1):27-35, 1991.

2. Ray DW, Garland A, Hernandez C, Eappen S, and Solway J. Time course of bronchoconstriction induced by dry gas hyperpnea in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 70(2):504-510, 1991.

3. Hershenson MB, Aghili S, Punjabi N, Hernandez C, Ray DW, Garland A, Glagov S, and Solway J. Hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in immature rats. Am. J. Physiol. 262 ( Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 6 ) : L263-269, 1992.

4. Strek ME, Garland A, Abrahams C, Leff AR, and White SR. Direct effects and augmentation of airway smooth muscle contraction caused by phospholipase A 2 . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145(6):1463-1468, 1992.

5. Hsuie TR, Garland A, Ray DW, Hershenson MB, Leff AR, and Solway J. Endogenous sensory neuropeptide release enhances non-specific airway responsiveness in guinea pigs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146(1):148-153, 1992.

6. Hershenson MB, Garland A, Kelleher MD, Zimmerman A, Hernandez C, and Solway J. Hyperoxia-induced airway remodelling in immature rats: correlation with airway responsiveness. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146(5):1294-1300, 1992.

7. Solway J, Kao R, Jordon JE, Gitter B, Rodger IW, Howbert J, Alger LE, Necheles J, Leff AR, and Garland A. Tachykinin receptor antagonists inhibit hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. J. Clin. Investigation 92(1) :315-323, 1993.

8. Hsuie TR, Leff AR, Garland A, Hershenson MB, Ray DW, and Solway J. Impaired sensorineural function associated with allergic airway inflammation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 148(2):447-454, 1993.

9. Garland A, Jordon JE, Ray DW, Spaethe S, Alger LE, and Solway J. Role of eicosanoids in hyperpnea-induced airway responses in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 75(6):2797-2804, 1993.

10. Hershenson MB, Abe MK, Kelleher MD, Naureckas ET, Garland A, Zimmerman A, Rubinstein VJ, and Solway J. Recovery of airway structure and function after hyperoxic exposure in immature rats. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 149(6):1663-1669, 1994.

11. Garland A, Jordon JE, Ray DW, Alger LE, Hernandez C, and Solway J. Hypertonicity, but not hypothermia, elicits Substance P release from C-fiber neurons in primary cell culture. J. Clin. Investigation 95(5): 2359-2366, 1995.

12. White SR, Garland A, Alger L, Necheles J, Sigrist KS, and Solway J. Proliferation of guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in co-culture with rat dorsal root ganglia neural cells. Am. J. Physiol.: Lung Cell. Mol. Biol. 268(6 Part 1):L957-L965, 1995.

13. Garland A, Necheles J, White SR, Neeley SP, Leff AR, Carson SS, Alger LE, and Solway J. Activated eosinophils elicit Substance P release from cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Am. J. Physiol. 273(5 Pt 1):L1096-1102, 1997.

14. Paz HL, A Garland, M Weinar, ME Neighbour, KE Walker, P Crilley, and I Brodsky. A failure of clinical outcomes data to change resource utilization in the medical intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 26:66-70, 1998.

15. Gilbert TT, MR Wagner, V Halukurike, HL Paz, and A Garland. Use of bispectral electroencephalogram monitoring to assess neurological status in unsedated, critically ill patients Crit. Care Med . 29(10):1996-2000, 2001.

16. Garland A , NV Dawson, I Altmann, CL Thomas, RS Phillips, J Tsevat, NA Desbiens, PE Bellamy, WA Knaus, and AF Connors Jr. Outcomes up to five years after acute respiratory failure. (Submitted to JAMA ).

Abstracts:

1. Lewis T, Choi E, Melendres J, Garland A, Wood LDH, and Walley KR. Response of a canine model of L-lactic acidemia to bicarbonate infusion. Am Rev. Resp. Dis. 137(4, Part 2):114, 1988.

2. Hershenson M, Ray D, Garland A, Alger L, Hernandez C, Bullock R, and Solway J. Hyperoxia increases airway reactivity in immature rats. Physiologist 33(4):A80, 1990.

3. Garland A, Ray D, Hsiue TR, Alger L, Hershenson MB, and Solway J. Role of eicosanoids in hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) and bronchovascular hyperpermeability (HIBVH) in guinea pigs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143(4, Part 2): A539, 1991.

4. Hsiue TR, Garland A, Ray D, Hershenson MB, Leff AR, and Solway J. Allergen challenge enhances guinea pig bronchoconstrictor responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP) but not dry gas hyperpnea. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143(4, Part 2): A540, 1991.

5. Punjabi N, Hershenson M, Umans J, Tallet J, Mitchell R, Garland A, and Solway J. Exposure of immature rats to hyperoxia increases tracheal smooth muscle force generation in vitro. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143(4, Part 2): A553, 1991.

6. Hershenson M, Aghili S, Punjabi N, Garland A, Ray D, Hernandez C, Zimmerman A, Glagov S, and Solway J. Hyperoxia induces airway hyperresponsiveness and remodelling in immature rats. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143(4, Part 2): A554, 1991.

7. Garland A, Jordan JE, Lilly C, Drazen JM, Miller RJ, Hernandez C, Alger LE, and Solway J. Both hyperosmolarity and cooling elicit NKA release from dorsal root ganglion cells in primary culture. FASEB J. 6(5, Part 2): A1807, 1992.

8. Garland A, Jordan JE, Kao B, Gitter J, Howbert J, Necheles J, and Solway J. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor blockade with (+/-) CP-96,345 inhibits hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in guinea pigs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145(4, Part 2): A45, 1992.

9. Solway J, Garland A, Kelleher M, Zimmerman A, Hernandez C, and Hershenson M. Hyperoxia-induced airway remodelling in immature rats: correlation with airway responsiveness. Am. Rev. Respir, Dis. 145(4, Part 2): A14, 1992.

10. Garland A, Jordon JE, Neeley S, White SR, Necheles J, Alger LE, Leff AR, and Solway J. Effects of eosinophil products upon sensory C-fiber neurons in cell culture. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147(4, Part 2): A816, 1993.

11. Solway J, Ray DW, Gitter BD, Rodger IW, Alger LE, and Garland A. NK-2, but not NK-1, receptor blockade inhibits hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in guinea pigs. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149(4, Part 2):A 892, 1994.

12. White SR, Garland A, Alger L, Sigrist KS, Necheles J, and Solway, J. Proliferation of guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in co-culture with rat dorsal root ganglia neural cells. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149(4, Part 2):A996 , 1994.

13. Wagner B, J Denny, S Hatfield, A Garland, L D'Amelio and M Bueno. Perception of drug action and cost by acute care professionals. Crit. Care Med . 24(1):A63, 1996.

14. Garland A. TM Kilkenny, MA Anderson, A Simone, J Scharf and HL Paz. Care of ICU patients by intensivists vs. non-intensivists. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153(4, Part 2):A360, 1996.

15. Robitaille C., R Contrada, H Leventhal, E Leventhal, TM Kilkenny, MA Anderson, HL Paz and A Garland. An instrument to measure physician practice styles in the ICU. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155(4, Part 2):A766, 1997.

16. Garland A, TM Kilkenny, MA Anderson and HL Paz. Physician-attributable differences in care of ICU patients. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155(4, Part 2):A766, 1997.

17. Garland A, M Anderson, T Kilkenny, E Kim, A Rosa and HL Paz. Characteristics of length of stay outliers in a medical intensive care unit. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 157(3, Part 2):A302, 1998.

18. Kim E, MA Anderson, M Wagner, HL Paz and A Garland. Effects of resuscitation status upon resource use in the ICU. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159(3, Part2):A82, 1999.

19. Gilbert TT, V Halukurike, M Wagner, HL Paz and A Garland. Bispectral index and other spectral EEG indices correlate with neurologic status in unsedated ICU patients. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159(3, Part2):A827, 1999.

20. Garland A, M Wagner and HL Paz. ICU resource use by university vs. community based intensivists. Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161(3, Part2):A236, 2000.

Review Papers:

1. Garland A, and Paz HL. Outcome of marrow transplantation recipients requiring intensive care. Sem. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 17(5):359-363, 1996.

Book Chapters:

1. Garland A. Oxygen delivery and pathological supply dependence of oxygen utilization. In: Principles of Critical Care: A companion text, edited by Hall JB, Schmidt GA, and Wood LDH. New York: McGraw Hill 1993.

2. Garland A. Pericardial involvement in critical illness. In: Principles of Critical Care: A companion text, edited by Hall JB, Schmidt GA, and Wood LDH. New York: McGraw Hill 1993.

3. Garland A. Overview of respiratory failure. In: Principles of Critical Care: A companion text, edited by Hall JB, Schmidt GA, and Wood LDH. New York: McGraw Hill 1993.

4. Garland A. Acid-base disorders in the ICU. In: Principles of Critical Care: A companion text, edited by Hall JB, Schmidt GA, and Wood LDH. New York: McGraw Hill 1993.

5. Garland A. Lactic acidosis. In: Principles of Critical Care: A companion text, edited by Hall JB, Schmidt GA, and Wood LDH. New York: McGraw Hill 1993.

6. Solway J, Ray DW and Garland A. Sensory neuropeptides in an animal model of hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction. In: Neuropeptides in Respiratory Medicine, edited by Kaliner M, Barnes PJ, Kunkel G and Baraniuk J. New York: Marcel Dekker 1995.

7. Garland A., and Solway J. Novel antiinflammatory drugs in asthma. In: Pulmonary and Critical Care Pharmacology and Therapeutics , edited by Leff AR. New York: McGraw Hill 1996.

8. Garland A, and Paz HL. Improving the Intensive Care Unit. In: Principles of Critical Care 2nd edition , edited by Hall JB, Schmidt GA, and Wood LDH. New York: McGraw Hill 1998.

Electronic Media Publications:

1. Garland A. Critical Care Chest Radiology. In: Essentials of Radiology (CD ROM) , edited by Amorosa, JK. Medical Interactive (www.medinter.com) 1999.

TRAINEES SUPERVISED:

Eric Kim, M.P.H. , Rutgers University, 1997. "Economic consequences of Do Not Resuscitate orders in the Intensive Care Unit." Allan Garland, MD, Fieldwork Supervisor for M.P.H.

GRANT SUPPORT:

· American Lung Association Research Fellowship, Allan Garland MD, Principal Investigator; 7/1/89 to 6/30/91; total direct costs $39,000. "Alternative modes of mechanical ventilation." Julian Solway, MD, Sponsor.

· United States Public Health Service, Individual National Research Service Award, Allan Garland, MD, Principal Investigator.; 7/1/92 to 10/31/93; total direct costs $39,768. "Sensory nerves and eicosanoids in hyperpnea-induced airway responses". Julian Solway, MD, Sponsor.

· Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Supplemental Grant, Allan Garland MD, Principal Investigator; 7/1/95 to 6/30/96; total direct costs $35,000. "Physiology and Treatment of Respiratory Failure in the Intensive Care Unit".

· Allied Healthcare Products, Inc., Allan Garland MD, Principal Investigator; 1995-96; value of donated equipment $4,000. "Effects of Variations in Mechanical Ventilation on Development of Atelectasis during General Anesthesia".

· UMDNJ Foundation, Allan Garland MD, Principal Investigator; 7/1/96 to 6/30/98; total direct costs $25,000. "The Role of Physician and Practice Characteristics in Quality of Care for Critically Ill Patients".

CONTRACT SUPPORT:

· Bayer Corporation. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1995-1997. "Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, North American study of safety and efficacy of murine monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF Mab) for the treatment of patients with septic shock. NORASEPT II". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Therapeutic Antibodies, Inc. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1995-1996. "A Phase I, single dose study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of affinity purified ovine anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, Fab, (lyophilized)." Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Therapeutic Antibodies, Inc. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1996-1997. "A multi-center Phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of affinity purified ovine derived anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (CytoTAb) in sepsis syndrome". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Carter-Wallace Laboratories. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1995-1997. "Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of intravenous Taurolidine in septic patients." Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Eli Lilly & Company. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1996-1998. "Recombinant activated Protein C: A Phase 2 study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and effective dose range and dosing duration for recombinant activated Protein C in severe sepsis". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Transcend Therapeutics, Inc. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1997-1998. "A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Procysteine in the treatment of patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Therapeutic Antibodies, Inc. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1997-1998. "A multi-center, Phase iIb, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of affinity purified, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, ovine Fab (CytoTAb) in sepsis syndrome." Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Schering-Plough Research Institute. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1997-1998. "A multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of IL-10 in patients with acute lung injury." Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Ortho Biotech, Inc. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 1999-2001. "Efficacy of rhEPO in the critically ill patient: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Eli Lilly & Company. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 2000. "Recombinant human activated Protein C (rhAPC). A Phase 3 study to determine the efficacy and safety for recombinant human activated Protein C in severe sepsis". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Alliance Pharmacetical Corporation. Allan Garland MD, Principal Investigator; 2000. "Multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled pivotal trial for efficacy of partial liquid ventilation with low and high doses of perflubron in adult patients with acute lung injury". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.

· Chiron Corporation. Harold Paz MD, Principal Investigator; Allan Garland, MD, Co-investigator; 2000-2001. "Multicenter, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized, Phase 3 Study of Tifacogin in Severe Sepsis". Contract for participation in multicenter drug study.